医科学専攻

  • Doctoral Courses 
    博士課程

Cancer Biology腫瘍生物学

  • がん抑制遺伝子
  • 遺伝性腫瘍
  • DNA損傷応答
  • 中心体制御

STAFF

Professor

  • Chiba, NatsukoProfessor. 千葉 奈津子 教授

Other Faculty / Staff

  • Yoshino, Yuki
    Assistant Prof. 吉野 優樹 助教

CONTACT

TEL:+81-22-717-8477
E-MAIL:natsuko.chiba.c7*tohoku.ac.jp
(「*」を「@」に変換してください)

OUTLINE

The accumulation of gene mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes causes cancer and further increases its malignancy. Alteration of BRCA1 or BRCA2 causes hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). We are analyzing the function of BRCA1 that is involved in DNA repair and centrosome regulation. The centrosome functions as the mitotic spindle pole in mitosis and is important for the distribution of chromosomes during cell division. Disruption of this function results in chromosomal deletions and excesses, leading to genetic abnormalities.
We identified the novel BRCA1 binding molecules OLA1 and RACK1 and found that these molecules play roles in centrosome duplication and function as a tumor suppressor together with BRCA1.Cancer-derived mutations of these molecules cause abnormal centrosome control.
In addition, we used the CRISPR / Cas9 system to develop a method for measuring the activity of homologous recombination, which is a repair mechanism for DNA double-strand breaks. Using this method, we measured homologous recombination repair activity for numerous BRCA1 variants and have found a new anticancer drug resistance mechanism. In the future, we will further develop these studies to search for new target molecules for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, and contribute to cancer therapy.

がん遺伝子、がん抑制遺伝子の遺伝子変異の蓄積が、がんを引き起こし、さらにはその悪性度を高めていくことが知られています。私達はその遺伝子変異によって遺伝性乳がん・卵巣がん症候群を引き起こし、DNA修復、中心体制御に関与する、BRCA1の機能を解析しています。中心体は、細胞の分裂期に紡錘体極として機能し、染色体の均等な分配において重要で、この機能の破綻は、染色体の欠失や過剰をもたらし、遺伝子異常の原因になります。私達は新規BRCA1結合分子OLA1、RACK1を同定し、これらのがん由来の変異が中心体制御能に異常を来すことを明らかにしました。また、私達はCRISPR/Cas9システムを利用して、DNA二本鎖切断の修復機構である相同組換え修復能を測定する方法を開発し、多数のBRCA1バリアントの相同組換え修復能を測定し、これを利用して新たな抗がん剤耐性機構を明らかにしました。今後は、これらの研究をさらに発展させて、治療や予防のための新たな標的分子や放射線や抗がん剤の感受性予測因子を探索し、今後のがんの診断・治療法の開発に貢献することをめざしています。

  • The conformational changes of the BRCA1/BARD1/OLA1/?-tubulin complex by cancer-derived variants.
    がん由来の変異によるBRCA1/BARD1/OLA1複合体の異常

  • Assay for site-specific homologous reccombination activity (ASHRA)
    相同組換え修復活性の測定法

  • The 8th Annual Meeting of the Japan HBOC Consortium
    第8回日本HBOCコンソーシアム学術総会にて

ARTICLE

Yoshino Y et al. RACK1 regulates centriole duplication through the activation of polo-like kinase 1 by Aurora A. Journal of Cell Science, 133(17):jcs238931, 2020, doi: 10.1242/jcs.238931
URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32788231/

Yoshino Y et al. RACK1 regulates centriole duplication by controlling localization of BRCA1 to the centrosome in mammary tissue-derived cells. Oncogene, 38(16):3077-3092, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41388-018-0647-8.
URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30617304/

Yoshino Y et al. Evaluation of site-specific homologous recombination activity of BRCA1 by direct quantitation of gene editing efficiency Scientific Reports, 9:1644, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38311-x
URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30733539/

Yoshino Y et al. BRCA1-interacting protein OLA1 requires interaction with BARD1 to regulate centrosome number. Molecular Cancer Research, 16(10):1499-1511, 2018, doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0269.
URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29858377/

Matsuzawa A et al. The BRCA1/BARD1-interacting protein OLA1 functions in centrosome regulation. Molecular Cell, 53(1):101-114, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.10.028.
URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24289923/

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